Differentiate materials that look similar on conventional CT images, e.g., to differentiate Iodine and Calcium in vascular structures or to differentiate vascular structures from adjacent bone.

Quantify base materials to accurately define tissues and organs. The intent is to quantify materials, and to extract regions and organs based on their composition.

Generate virtual non-contrast images from a contrast-enhanced image rather than having to scan the patient twice.

Reduce beam hardening artifacts.

Enhance the effect of contrast such as highlighting Iodine and soft tissue.