QQ Enhanced US Data Type Blending Examples (Informative) (Current)
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QQ Enhanced US Data Type Blending Examples (Informative)

QQ.1 Enhanced US Volume Use of the Blending and Display Pipeline

This Annex contains a number of examples illustrating Ultrasound's use of the Blending and Display Pipeline. An overview of the examples included is found in Table QQ.1-1.

Table QQ.1-1. Enhanced US Data Type Blending Examples (Informative)

Example	Data Types	Blending RGB Inputs	Mapping	Blending Operation	Blending Weight Inputs
1	TISSUE_INTENSITY	NA	Identity	None	NA
2	TISSUE_INTENSITY	RGB1 = grayscale TISSUE_INTENSITY	Grayscale	Output = RGB1	Weight 1 = 1.0 (constant)
2	TISSUE_INTENSITY	RGB1 = grayscale TISSUE_INTENSITY	Grayscale	Output = RGB1	Weight 2 = 0.0 (constant)
3	TISSUE_INTENSITY	RGB1 = f(TISSUE_INTENSITY)	Colorized	Output = RGB1	Weight 1 = 1.0 (constant)
3	TISSUE_INTENSITY	RGB1 = f(TISSUE_INTENSITY)	Colorized	Output = RGB1	Weight 2 = 0.0 (constant)
4	TISSUE_INTENSITY	RGB1 = grayscale TISSUE_INTENSITY	Grayscale	Output = proportional summation of RGB1 and RGB2	Weight 1 = constant
4	FLOW_VELOCITY	RGB2 = g(FLOW_VELOCITY)	Colorized	Output = proportional summation of RGB1 and RGB2	Weight 2 = constant
5	TISSUE_INTENSITY	RGB1 = grayscale TISSUE_INTENSITY	Grayscale	Threshold based on FLOW_VELOCITY	Weight 1 = 1 - Alpha 2
5	FLOW_VELOCITY	RGB2 = g(FLOW_VELOCITY)	Colorized	Threshold based on FLOW_VELOCITY	Weight 2 = constant
6	TISSUE_INTENSITY	RGB1 = grayscale TISSUE_INTENSITY	Grayscale	Threshold based on FLOW_VELOCITY (MSB) and FLOW_VARIANCE (LSB) with 2-dimensional color mapping	Weight 1 = 1 - Alpha 2
	FLOW_VELOCITY	RGB2 = g(FLOW_VELOCITY, FLOW_ VARIANCE)	Colorized		Weight 2 = Alpha 2
	FLOW_ VARIANCE	RGB2 = g(FLOW_VELOCITY, FLOW_ VARIANCE)	Colorized		Weight 2 = Alpha 2
7	TISSUE_INTENSITY	RGB1 = f(TISSUE_INTENSITY)	Colorized	Combination based on all data value inputs with colorized tissue and colorized 2-dimensional color mapping of flow and variance.	Weight 1 = Alpha 1
	FLOW_VELOCITY	RGB2 = g(FLOW_VELOCITY, FLOW_ VARIANCE)	Colorized		Weight 2 = Alpha 2
	FLOW_ VARIANCE	RGB2 = g(FLOW_VELOCITY, FLOW_ VARIANCE)	Colorized		Weight 2 = Alpha 2

In the examples below, the following Attributes are referenced:

Data Type (0018,9808)
Data Path Assignment (0028,1402)
Bits Mapped to Color Lookup Table (0028,1403)
Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function (0028,1405)
Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function (0028,140D)
Blending Weight Constant (0028,1406)
RGB LUT Transfer Function (0028,140F)
Alpha LUT Transfer Function (0028,1410)
Red Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptor (0028,1101)
Red Palette Color Lookup Table Data (0028,1201)
Green Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptor (0028,1102)
Green Palette Color Lookup Table Data (0028,1202)
Blue Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptor (0028,1103)
Blue Palette Color Lookup Table Data (0028,1203)
Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptor (0028,1104)
Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Data (0028,1204)

QQ.1.1 Example 1 - Grayscale P-Values Output

Grayscale pass through for 1 data frame using identity Presentation LUT:

Data Type	Data Path Assignment	Usage
TISSUE_INTENSITY	PRIMARY_PVALUES	Grayscale

Figure QQ.1-1. Example 1

QQ.1.2 Example 2 - Grayscale-only Color Output

Grayscale mapping only from 1 data frame:

Weight 1:
- Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = CONSTANT
- Blending Weight Constant = 1.0
Weight 2:
- Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = CONSTANT
- Blending Weight Constant = 0.0
Primary Palette Color Lookup Table
- RGB LUT Transfer Function = EQUAL_RGB
- Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values
Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table
- <none>

Note

Compared to Example 1, the perceived contrast of the displayed grayscale image will likely be different as a consequence of the use of PCS-Values as opposed to P-Values unless color management software interpreting the PCS-Values attempts to approximate the Grayscale Standard Display Function. This is true regardless of whether a color or grayscale display is used.

Data Type	Data Path Assignment	Usage
TISSUE_INTENSITY	PRIMARY_SINGLE	Mapped to Grayscale

Figure QQ.1-2. Example 2

QQ.1.3 Example 3 - Color Tissue (Pseudo-color) Mapping

Grayscale mapping only from 1 data frame:

Weight 1:
- Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = CONSTANT
- Blending Weight Constant = 1.0
Weight 2:
- Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = CONSTANT
- Blending Weight Constant = 0.0
Primary Palette Color Lookup Table
- RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE
- Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values
- Red, Green, and Blue Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included
Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table
- <none>

Data Type	Data Path Assignment	Usage
TISSUE_INTENSITY	PRIMARY_SINGLE	Mapped through Palette Color Lookup Table

Figure QQ.1-3. Example 3

QQ.1.4 Example 4 - Fixed Proportion Additive Grayscale Tissue and Color Flow

Grayscale mapping from primary data frame and color mapping from secondary data frame:

Weight 1:
- Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = CONSTANT
- Blending Weight Constant = value between 0.0 and 1.0, inclusive
Weight 2:
- Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = CONSTANT
- Blending Weight Constant = value between 0.0 and 1.0, inclusive
Primary Palette Color Lookup Table
- RGB LUT Transfer Function = EQUAL_RGB
- Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values
Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table
- RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE
- Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values
- Red, Green, and Blue Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included

Data Type	Data Path Assignment	Usage
TISSUE_INTENSITY	PRIMARY_SINGLE	Mapped to Grayscale
FLOW_VELOCITY	SECONDARY_SINGLE	Mapped through Palette Color Lookup Table

Figure QQ.1-4. Example 4

QQ.1.5 Example 5 - Threshold Based On Flow_velocity

Each output value is either the grayscale tissue intensity value or the colorized flow velocity value based on the magnitude of the flow velocity sample value:

Weight 1:
- Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = ALPHA_2
Weight 2:
- Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = ONE_MINUS
Primary Palette Color Lookup Table
- RGB LUT Transfer Function = EQUAL_RGB
- Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values
Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table
- RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE
- Alpha LUT Transfer Function = TABLE
- Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included
- All Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Data values (normalized) are either 0.0 or 1.0

Data Type	Data Path Assignment	Usage
TISSUE_INTENSITY	PRIMARY_SINGLE	Mapped to Grayscale
FLOW_VELOCITY	SECONDARY_SINGLE	Mapped through Palette Color Lookup Table

Figure QQ.1-5. Example 5

QQ.1.6 Example 6 - Threshold Based On Flow_velocity and Flow_variance W/2d Color Mapping

Each output value is either the grayscale tissue intensity value or a colorized flow/variance value determined by a 2-dimensional Secondary RGB Palette Color Lookup Table, based on flow/variance values. The colorized flow/variance value comes from a 2-dimensional Secondary RGB Palette Color LUT:

Weight 1:
- Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = ALPHA_2
Weight 2:
- Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = ONE_MINUS
Primary Palette Color Lookup Table
- RGB LUT Transfer Function = EQUAL_RGB
- Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values
Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table
- RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE
- Alpha LUT Transfer Function = TABLE
- Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included
- All Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Data values (normalized) are either 0.0 or 1.0

Data Type	Data Path Assignment	Usage
TISSUE_INTENSITY	PRIMARY_SINGLE	Mapped to Grayscale
FLOW_VELOCITY	SECONDARY_HIGH	MSBs of index to Palette Color LUT
FLOW_VARIANCE	SECONDARY_LOW	LSBs of index to Palette Color LUT

Figure QQ.1-6. Example 6

QQ.1.7 Example 7 - Color Tissue / Velocity / Variance Mapping - Blending Considers Both Data Paths

Each output value is a combination of colorized tissue intensity and a colorized flow/variance value determined by a 2-dimensional Secondary RGB Palette Color Lookup Table using the upper 5 bits of the FLOW_VELOCITY value and upper 3 bits of the FLOW_VARIANCE value to allow the use of 256-value Secondary Palette Color Lookup Tables. The blending proportion is based on values from both data paths. If the sum of the two RGB values exceeds 1.0, the value is clamped to 1.0. The colorized flow/variance value comes from a 2-dimensional Secondary RGB Palette Color LUT:

Weight 1:
- Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = ALPHA_1
Weight 2:
- Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = ALPHA_2
Primary Palette Color Lookup Table
- RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE
- Alpha LUT Transfer Function = TABLE
- Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included
Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table
- RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE
- Alpha LUT Transfer Function = TABLE
- Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included

Data Type	Data Path Assignment	Bits Mapped To Color Lookup Table	Usage
TISSUE_INTENSITY	PRIMARY_SINGLE	8	Mapped through Palette Color Lookup Table
FLOW_VELOCITY	SECONDARY_HIGH	5	MSBs of index to Palette Color LUT
FLOW_VARIANCE	SECONDARY_LOW	3	LSBs of index to Palette Color LUT

Figure QQ.1-7. Example 7

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