C.20.2 Spatial Registration Module

C.20.2 Spatial Registration Module (Current)
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Table C.20.2-1 specifies the Attributes of the Spatial Registration Module.

Table C.20.2-1. Spatial Registration Module Attributes

Attribute Name	Tag	Type	Attribute Description
Content Date	(0008,0023)	1	The date the content creation started.
Content Time	(0008,0033)	1	The time the content creation started.
Include Table 10-12 “Content Identification Macro Attributes”
Registration Sequence	(0070,0308)	1	A Sequence of registration Items. Each Item defines a spatial registration of the images referenced in that Item to the Registered RCS established by this SOP Instance. All referenced images are in the same spatial Frame of Reference or atlas. One or more Items shall be included in this Sequence.
>Frame of Reference UID	(0020,0052)	1C	Identifies the Frame of Reference of the referenced data, that may or may not be an image set (e.g., atlas or physical space). See Section C.7.4.1.1.1 for further explanation. Required if Referenced Image Sequence (0008,1140) is absent. May be present otherwise.
>Referenced Image Sequence	(0008,1140)	1C	Identifies the set of images of the referenced data, registered in this Item. One or more Items shall be included in this Sequence. Required if Frame of Reference UID (0020,0052) is absent. May be present otherwise.
>>Include Table 10-3 “Image SOP Instance Reference Macro Attributes”
>Matrix Registration Sequence	(0070,0309)	1	A Sequence that specifies one spatial registration. Only a single Item shall be included in this Sequence.
>>Frame of Reference Transformation Comment	(3006,00C8)	3	User description or comments about the registration.
>>Registration Type Code Sequence	(0070,030D)	2	Describes the information input into the registration process. Zero or one Item shall be included in this Sequence.
>>>Include Table 8.8-1 “Code Sequence Macro Attributes”			BCID 7100 “RCS Registration Method Type”.
>>Matrix Sequence	(0070,030A)	1	Specifies one transformation, that registers the Source RCS/images to the Registered RCS. It is expressible as multiple matrices, each in a separate Item of the Sequence. One or more Items shall be included in this Sequence. The Item order is significant and corresponds to matrix multiplication order. See Section C.20.2.1.1.
>>>Frame of Reference Transformation Matrix	(3006,00C6)	1	A 4x4 affine transformation matrix that registers a homogeneous coordinate system A to B. Matrix elements shall be listed in row-major order. See Section C.20.2.1.1.
>>>Frame of Reference Transformation Matrix Type	(0070,030C)	1	Type of Frame of Reference Transformation Matrix (3006,00C6). Enumerated Values: RIGID RIGID_SCALE AFFINE See Section C.20.2.1.2
>Used Fiducials Sequence	(0070,0314)	3	The fiducials used to determine the Frame of Reference Transformation Matrix. One or more Items are permitted in this Sequence.
>>Include Table 10-11 “SOP Instance Reference Macro Attributes”			Reference to the Spatial Fiducial SOP Instance identifying the used Fiducial(s).
>>Fiducial UID	(0070,031A)	1	The UID that identifies the fiducial used as registration input.
>Used Segments Sequence	(0062,0012)	3	The segments used to determine the Frame of Reference Transformation Matrix. One or more Items are permitted in this Sequence.
>>Include Table 10-11 “SOP Instance Reference Macro Attributes”			Reference to the Segmentation or Surface Segmentation SOP Instance identifying the used Segments.
>>Referenced Segment Number	(0062,000B)	1	Uniquely identifies the segment described in Segment Sequence (0062,0002) by reference to Segment Number (0062,0004). Referenced Segment Number (0062,000B) shall not be multi-valued.
>Used RT Structure Set ROI Sequence	(0070,0315)	3	The ROIs defined in an RT Structure Set Instance used to determine the Frame of Reference Transformation Matrix. One or more Items are permitted in this Sequence.
>>Include Table 10-11 “SOP Instance Reference Macro Attributes”			Reference to the RT Structure Set SOP Instance identifying the used ROIs.
>>Referenced ROI Number	(3006,0084)	1	Uniquely identifies the ROI described in the Structure Set ROI Sequence (3006,0020) by reference to ROI Number (3006,0022).

C.20.2.1 Spatial Registration Module Attribute Descriptions

C.20.2.1.1 Frame of Reference Transformation Matrix

The Frame of Reference Transformation Matrix (3006,00C6) ^AM_B describes how to transform a point (^Bx,^By,^Bz) with respect to RCS_B into (^Ax,^Ay,^Az) with respect to RCS_A according to Equation C.20.2-1.

Equation C.20.2-1.

The Matrix Registration is expressible as multiple matrices, each in a separate Item of Matrix Sequence (0070,030A). Equation C.20.2-2 specifies the order of the matrix multiplication where M₁ , M₂ and M₃ are the first, second and third Items in the Sequence.

Equation C.20.2-2.

where

Registration often involves two or more RCS, each with a corresponding Frame of Reference Transformation Matrix. For example, another Frame of Reference Transformation Matrix ^AM_C can describe how to transform a point ( ^Cx,^Cy,^Cz) with respect to RCS _C into ( ^Ax,^Ay,^Az) with respect to RCS_A. It is straightforward to find the Frame of Reference Transformation Matrix ^B M _C that describes how to transform the point ( ^Cx,^Cy,^Cz) with respect to RCS_C into the point ( ^Bx,^By,^Bz) with respect to RCS_B. The solution is to invert ^AM_B and multiply by ^AM_C, as shown in Equation C.20.2-3.

Equation C.20.2-3.

If two or more transformation matrices describe the relation between Patient coordinates and a device-centric Well-known Frame of Reference, any calculations assuming transitivity via the Well-known Frame of Reference must be performed with great care to assure that both registrations reflect the same positioning of the patient with respect to the common Well-known Frame of Reference.

C.20.2.1.2 Frame of Reference Transformation Matrix Type

There are three types of Registration Matrices:

RIGID: This is a registration involving only translations and rotations. Mathematically, the matrix is constrained to be orthonormal and describes six degrees of freedom: three translations, and three rotations.

RIGID_SCALE: This is a registration involving only translations, rotations and scaling. Mathematically, the matrix is constrained to be orthogonal and describes nine degrees of freedom: three translations, three rotations and three scales. This type of transformation is sometimes used in atlas mapping.

AFFINE: This is a registration involving translations, rotations, scaling and shearing. Mathematically, there are no constraints on the elements of the Frame of Reference Transformation Matrix other than that the last row shall be (0,0,0,1) to preserve the homogeneous coordinates, so it conveys twelve degrees of freedom. This type of transformation is sometimes used in atlas mapping.

See Annex P “Transforms and Mappings (Informative)” in PS3.17 for more detail.