Rationale for Correction:More texture measures exist than are currently defined in the DICOM standard.A comprehensive and definitive summary is found in
Zwanenburg A et al, Image biomarker standardisation initiative version 1.4.
arXiv:161207003. 2017 Jul 20; Available from: .
The existing definitions are updated to use this as the normative reference, missing concepts are added, and potential ambiguities of historical synonyms are described.Additional radiomic features, not all of which are "texture" features, will be added in future CPs.
Correction Wording:
Amend DICOM PS3.16 as follows (changes to existing text are bold and underlined for additions and struckthrough for removals):
The baseline context groups defined allow for generic intensity and, size and texture measurements, regardless of the geometry of the ROI (e.g., linear distance can be measured on volumes, or volume can be estimated from a linear distance), and being baseline, do not constrain the invoker from using other appropriate concepts specific to the application.
A statistical index of complexity comparing how detail in a fractal pattern changes with the scale at which it is measured; a ratio of the change in detail to the change in scale.
126060
Joint Entropy of GLCM
The zero order entropy of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). A measure of disorder. Abbreviated ENT.See Fcm.joint.entr in .
126061
EnergyRoot Angular Second Moment of GLCM
The energy (uniformity) (square root of the Angular Second Moment (ASM)) of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). A measure of orderliness.See .
Sometimes referred to as "energy", "uniformity" or "uniformity of energy" but then potentially confused with ASM. Not defined in .
126062
HomogeneityInverse Difference Moment of GLCM
The Inverse Difference Moment (homogeneity) of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Abbreviated IDM.See Fcm.inv.diff.mom in.
Other concepts are sometimes referred to as "homogeneity", e.g., the "inverse difference", which is calculated from the absolute value of differences rather than square of them.
126063
Contrast of GLCM
The sum of squares variance of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). A measure of gray level variations. Abbreviated CON.See Fcm.contrast in.
Distinct from "joint (sum of squares) variance" and "dissimilarity".
126064
Dissimilarity of GLCM
The dissimilarity of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Abbreviated DIS.See Fcm.dissimilarity in.
Distinct from "contrast", which uses square rather than absolute value of difference.
126065
ASMAngular Second Moment of GLCM
The Angular Second Moment of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Abbreviated ASM.See Fcm.energy in .
Sometimes referred to as "energy", "uniformity" or "uniformity of energy" but then potentially confused with square root of ASM.
126066
Correlation of GLCM
A measure of the linear dependency of greygray levels on those of neighbouring pixels of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM). Abbreviated COR.See Fcm.corr in.
Correlation is NaN for a constant image.
126067
Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM)
A tabulation of how often different combinations of pixel values (greygray levels) occur in an image. Abbreviated GLCM.See .
128776
Gray Level Run Length Matrix
The tabulation of gray level run lengths in a particular direction in an image. Abbreviated GLRLM.See .
128777
Gray Level Size Zone Matrix
A tabulation of counts of the number of groups of connected voxels with a specific discretized gray level value and size. Abbreviated GLSZM.See .
128781
Joint Maximum of GLCM
The probability corresponding to the most common gray level co-occurrence in the GLCM. Abbreviated MAX.See Fcm.joint.max in .
128782
Joint Average of GLCM
The gray level weighted sum of joint probabilities of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.joint.avg in .
128783
Joint Variance of GLCM
The sum of squares of the difference from the joint average of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.joint.var in .
128784
Difference Average of GLCM
The average for the diagonal probabilities of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.diff.avg in .
128785
Difference Variance of GLCM
The variance for the diagonal probabilities of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.diff.var in .
128786
Difference Entropy of GLCM
The entropy for the diagonal probabilities of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.diff.entr in .
128787
Sum Average of GLCM
The average for the cross-diagonal probabilities of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.sum.avg in .
128788
Sum Variance of GLCM
The variance for the cross-diagonal probabilities of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.sum.var in .
128789
Sum Entropy of GLCM
The entropy for the cross-diagonal probabilities of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.sum.entr in .
128790
Inverse Difference of GLCM
The inverse difference of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.inv.diff in .
Sometimes referred to as "homogeneity" but that term is historically used to refer to the "inverse difference moment", which is calculated from the square of differences rather than absolute value of them.
128791
Inverse Difference Normalized of GLCM
The normalized inverse difference of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.inv.diff.norm in .
The US not UK spelling of "normalized" is used to be consistent with the DICOM convention, rather than the IBSI spelling.
128792
Inverse Difference Moment Normalized of GLCM
The normalized inverse difference moment of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.inv.diff.mom.norm in .
The US not UK spelling of "normalized" is used to be consistent with the DICOM convention, rather than the IBSI spelling.
128793
Inverse Variance of GLCM
The inverse variance of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.inv.var in .
128794
Autocorrelation of GLCM
The autocorrelation of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.auto.corr in .
128795
Cluster Tendency of GLCM
The cluster tendency of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.clust.tend in .
128796
Cluster Shade of GLCM
The cluster shade of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.clust.shade in .
128797
Cluster Prominence of GLCM
The cluster prominence of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.clust.prom in .
128798
First Measure of Information Correlation of GLCM
The first measure of information correlation of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.info.corr.1 in .
128799
Second Measure of Information Correlation of GLCM
The second measure of information correlation of a Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM).See Fcm.info.corr.2 in .
128801
Short Runs Emphasis
A measure of the distribution of short runs in a gray level run length matrix. Abbreviated SRE.See Frlm.sre in .
128802
Long Runs Emphasis
A measure of the distribution of long runs in a gray level run length matrix. Abbreviated LRE.See Frlm.lre in .
128803
Low Gray Level Run Emphasis
A measure of the distribution of low gray level values in a gray level run length matrix. Abbreviated LGRE.See Frlm.lgre in .
128804
High Gray Level Run Emphasis
A measure of the distribution of high gray level values in a gray level run length matrix. Abbreviated HGRE.See Frlm.hgre in .
128805
Short Run Low Gray Level Emphasis
A measure of the joint distribution of short runs and low gray level values in a gray level run length matrix. Abbreviated SRLGE.See Frlm.srlge in .
128806
Short Run High Gray Level Emphasis
A measure of the joint distribution of short runs and high gray level values in a gray level run length matrix. Abbreviated SRHGE.See Frlm.srhge in .
128807
Long Run Low Gray Level Emphasis
A measure of the joint distribution of long runs and low gray level values in a gray level run length matrix. Abbreviated LRLGE.See Frlm.lrlge in .
128808
Long Run High Gray Level Emphasis
A measure of the the joint distribution of long runs and high gray level values in a gray level run length matrix. Abbreviated LRHGE.See Frlm.lrhge in .
128809
Gray Level Nonuniformity in Runs
A measure of the similarity of gray level values throughout the image in a gray level run length matrix. Abbreviated RLM.GLNU.See Frlm.glnu in .
128810
Gray Level Nonuniformity in Runs Normalized
A normalized measure of the similarity of gray level values throughout the image in a gray level run length matrix.See Frlm.glnu.norm in .
The US not UK spelling of "normalized" is used to be consistent with the DICOM convention, rather than the IBSI spelling.
128811
Run Length Nonuniformity
A measure of the the similarity of the length of runs throughout the image in a gray level run length matrix. Abbreviated RLNU.See Frlm.rlnu in .
128812
Run Length Nonuniformity Normalized
A normalized measure of the the similarity of the length of runs throughout the image in a gray level run length matrix.See Frlm.rlnu.norm in .
The US not UK spelling of "normalized" is used to be consistent with the DICOM convention, rather than the IBSI spelling.
128813
Run Percentage
A measure of the homogeneity and distribution of runs of an image in a specific direction in a gray level run length matrix. Abbreviated RPC.See Frlm.r.perc in .
128814
Gray Level Variance in Runs
The variance in runs for the gray levels in a gray level run length matrix.See Frlm.gl.var in .
128815
Run Length Variance
The variance in runs for run lengths in a gray level run length matrix.See Frlm.rl.var in .
128816
Run Entropy
The entropy of runs in a gray level run length matrix.See Frlm.rl.entr in .
128821
Small Zone Emphasis
A feature that emphasizes small zones from a gray level size zone matrix. Abbreviated SZE.See Fszm.sze in .
128822
Large Zone Emphasis
A feature that emphasizes large zones from a gray level size zone matrix. Abbreviated LZE.See Fszm.lze in .
128823
Low Gray Level Zone Emphasis
A feature that emphasizes low gray level zones from a gray level size zone matrix. Abbreviated LGZE.See Fszm.lgze in .
128824
High Gray Level Zone Emphasis
A feature that emphasizes high gray level zones from a gray level size zone matrix. Abbreviated LGZE.See Fszm.hgze in .
128825
Small Zone Low Gray Level Emphasis
A feature that emphasizes small zone sizes and low gray levels from a gray level size zone matrix. Abbreviated SZLGE.See Fszm.szlge in .
128826
Small Zone High Gray Level Emphasis
A feature that emphasizes small zone sizes and high gray levels from a gray level size zone matrix. Abbreviated SZHGE.See Fszm.szhge in .
128827
Large Zone Low Gray Level Emphasis
A feature that emphasizes large zone sizes and low gray levels from a gray level size zone matrix. Abbreviated LZLGE.See Fszm.lzlge in .
128828
Large Zone High Gray Level Emphasis
A feature that emphasizes large zone sizes and high gray levels from a gray level size zone matrix. Abbreviated LZHGE.See Fszm.lzhge in .
128829
Gray Level Nonuniformity of Zone Counts
The distribution of zone counts over the gray values in a gray level size zone matrix. Abbreviated SZM.GLNU.See Fszm.glnu in .
128830
Gray Level Nonuniformity of Zone Counts Normalized
The normalized distribution of zone counts over the gray values in a gray level size zone matrix.See Fszm.glnu.norm in .
The US not UK spelling of "normalized" is used to be consistent with the DICOM convention, rather than the IBSI spelling.
128831
Zone Size Nonuniformity
The distribution of zone counts over the different zone sizes in a gray level size zone matrix. Abbreviated ZSNU.See Fszm.zsnu in .
128832
Zone Size Nonuniformity Normalized
The normalized distribution of zone counts over the different zone sizes in a gray level size zone matrix.See Fszm.zsnu.norm in .
The US not UK spelling of "normalized" is used to be consistent with the DICOM convention, rather than the IBSI spelling.
128833
Zone Percentage
The fraction of the number of realised zones relative to the maximum number of potential zones in a gray level size zone matrix. Abbreviated ZPERC.See Fszm.z.perc in .
128834
Gray Level Variance in Zones
The variance ithe variance in zone counts for the gray levels in a gray level size zone matrix.See Fszm.gl.var in .
128835
Zone Size Variance
The variance in zone counts for the different zone sizes in a gray level size zone matrix.See Fszm.zs.var in .
128836
Zone Size Entropy
The entropy of zone sizes in a gray level size zone matrix.See Fszm.zs.entr in .
Amend DICOM PS3.6 as follows (changes to existing text are bold and underlined for additions and struckthrough for removals):