Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
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This DICOM Standard was developed according to the procedures of the DICOM Standards Committee.
The DICOM Standard is structured as a multi-part document using the guidelines established in [ISO/IEC Directives, Part 3].
PS3.1 should be used as the base reference for the current parts of this standard.
This Part of the DICOM Standard specifies the set of Information Object Definitions (IODs) that provide an abstract definition of real-world objects applicable to communication of digital medical information. For each IOD, this Part specifies:
any necessary information for the semantic description of the IOD
relationships to associated real-world objects relevant to the IOD
Attributes that describe the characteristics of the IOD
For each IOD, this Part does not specify:
the nature of any Service Class Definition intended to reference the IOD
the nature of any interactions that result in the usage of the IOD
This Part is related to other parts of the DICOM Standard in that:
PS3.4 Service Class Specifications, specifies application level services by grouping DIMSE services with IODs as defined in this Part;
PS3.5 Data Structure and Semantics, defines the data encoding used in the DIMSE Protocol when applied to IODs defined in this Part;
PS3.6 Data Dictionary, contains an index by Tag of all IOD Attributes defined in this Part. This index includes the Value Representation and Value Multiplicity for each Attribute;
PS3.7 Message Exchange Protocol, defines the DIMSE Services and Protocol that may be applied to IODs defined in this Part.
The following standards contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standard are encouraged to investigate the possibilities of applying the most recent editions of the standards indicated below.
[ISO 7498-1] 1994. Information Processing Systems - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic Reference Model.
[ISO 7498-2] 1989. Information processing systems - Open Systems Interconnection - Basic reference Model - Part 2: Security Architecture.
[ISO/TR 8509] Information Processing Systems - Open Systems Interconnection - Service Conventions. ISO/TR 8509 has been withdrawn. See ISO/IEC 2382-26:1993 Information technology -- Vocabulary -- Part 26: Open systems interconnection .
[ISO 8825-1] 2002. Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Basic Encoding Rules (BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER).
[ISO/IEC 10118-3] 1998. Information technology - Security techniques - Hash-functions - Part 3: Dedicated hash-functions (RIPEMD-160 reference). The draft RIPEMD-160 specification and sample code are also available at http://homes.esat.kuleuven.be/~bosselae/ripemd160.html .
[ISO/IEC 10646] 2003. Information Technology -- Universal Multiple-Octet Coded Character Set (UCS). ISO/IEC 10646-2003 is the same as Unicode Version 4.0, available at http://unicode.org .
[ISO/IEC 13818-1] 2000. Information technology -- Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Systems.
[ISO/IEC 13818-2] 2000. Information technology -- Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Video.
[ISO/IEC 13818-3] 1998. Information technology -- Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information -- Part 3: Audio.
[ISO/IEC 13818-4] 2004. Information technology -- Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information -- Part 4: Conformance testing.
[ISO/IEC 14496-22] Information technology -- Coding of audio-visual objects -- Part 22: Open Font Format. http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=52136 .
[ISO 15076-1] 2005. Image technology colour management - Architecture, profile format, and data structure. Also available as ICC.1:2004-10 (Profile version 4.2.0.0), International Color Consortium, available at http://www.color.org/v4spec.xalter .
[ISO 32000-1] Document management -- Portable document format -- Part 1. http://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=51502 .
[IEC 60601-2-44] 2002. Ed.2.1. Medical Electrical Equipment - Part 2-44: Particular Requirements for the Safety of X-Ray Equipment for Computed Tomography.
[ITU-T X.509] 2000. Information technology - Open Systems Interconnection - The directory: Public-key and attribute certificate frameworks. ITU-T Recommendation X.509 is similar to ISO/IEC 9594-8 1990. However, the ITU-T recommendation is the more familiar form, and was revised in 1993 and 2000, with two sets of corrections in 2001. ITU-T was formerly known as CCITT. .
[RFC 2046] November 1996. Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part Two: Media Types. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2046 .
[RFC 2396] Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2396 .
[RFC 2437] PKCS #1 RSA Cryptography Specifications. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2437 . The RSA Encryption Standard is also defined in informative Annex A of ISO/IEC 9796, and in Normative Annex A of the CEN/TC251 European Prestandard prENV 12388:1996. .
[RFC 2630] June 1999. Cryptographic Message Syntax. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2630 .
[RFC 3161] Internet X.509 Public Key Infrastructure; Time Stamp Protocols. http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3161 .
[HL7 V2.5] 2003. HL7 Standard Version 2.5 - An Application Protocol for Electronic Data Exchange in Healthcare Environments. http://www.hl7.org/documentcenter/private/standards/V25/HL7_Messaging_v25_PDF.zip .
[HL7 CDA R1] 2000. HL7 Version 3 Standard: Clinical Document Architecture Framework, Release 1. http://www.hl7.org/documentcenter/private/standards/cda/r1/HL7_CDA_R1_FINAL.zip .
[HL7 CDA R2] 2005. HL7 Version 3 Standard: Clinical Document Architecture Framework, Release 2. http://www.hl7.org/documentcenter/private/standards/cda/r2/cda_r2_normativewebedition2010.zip .
[HL7 SPL R1.0] 2004. HL7 Structured Product Labeling Standard, Release 1.0. http://www.hl7.org/documentcenter/private/standards/SPL/SPL_Specification_ANSI_R1.0-2004.zip .
[FIPS PUB 46] . Data Encryption Standard (DES). Withdrawn . http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/fips/archive/fips46-3/fips46-3.pdf .
[Anderson 1986] Medical Physics. 1986. 6. 898-903. “A "natural" volume-dose histogram for brachytherapy”. doi:10.1118/1.595815
[ANSI X9.52] 1998. Triple Data Encryption Algorithm Modes of Operation, Accredited Standards Committee (ASC) X9, Financial Services.
[BI-RADS®] 1998. 3.0. Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System Atlas. http://www.acr.org/Quality-Safety/Resources/BIRADS .
[ECMA 235] 1996. The ECMA GSS-API Mechanism. http://www.ecma-international.org/publications/standards/Ecma-235.htm .
[GB 18030] 2000. Information Technology -- Chinese ideograms coded character set for information interchange -- Extension for the basic set.
[NEMA UD3] 2004. Standard for Real-Time Display of Thermal and Mechanical Acoustic Output Indices on Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment.
[IEEE 754] 1985. 32-bit and 64-bit Floating Point Number Representations. http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/754/ .
[IEEE 1588] 2008. Standard for a Precision Clock Synchronization Protocol for Networked Measurement and Control Systems. doi:10.1109/IEEESTD.2008.4579760
[PDF] 1985. Fifth Edition. PDF Reference, version 1.6. http://www.adobe.com/devnet/pdf/pdf_reference_archive.html .
[TIS 620-2533] 1990. Thai Characters Code for Information Interchange. http://www.nectec.or.th/it-standards/std620/std620.htm .
[McCollough 2007] Radiology. 2007. 2. 527. “A multi-institutional, multi-manufacturer, international standard for the quantification of coronary artery calcium using cardiac CT”. doi:10.1148/radiol.2432050808
[CSS2] 2011. Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) CSS2 generic font families. http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2/fonts.html#generic-font-families .
[HPGL] . PCL/PJL Reference PCL5 Printer Language Technical Reference Manual. IIHP 5961-0509. http://h20000.www2.hp.com/bc/docs/support/SupportManual/bpl13211/bpl13211.pdf .
[AAPM TG 116] July 2009. Report of AAPM Task Group 116 - An Exposure Indicator for Digital Radiography. http://www.aapm.org/pubs/reports/rpt_116.pdf .
For the purposes of this Standard the following definitions apply.
This Part of the Standard is based on the concepts developed in [ISO 7498-1] and [ISO 7498-2] and makes use of the following terms defined in them:
See [ISO 7498-1].
See [ISO 7498-1].
The definition in [ISO 7498-2] is "the property that information is not made available or disclosed to unauthorized individuals, entities or processes".
The definition in [ISO 7498-2] is "the corroboration that the source of data received is as claimed".
The definition in [ISO 7498-2] is "the property that data has not been altered or destroyed in an unauthorized manner".
The definition in [ISO 7498-2] is "the generation, storage, distribution, deletion, archiving and application of keys in accordance with a security policy".
This Part of the Standard makes use of the following terms defined in [ISO/TR 8509]:
See [ISO/TR 8509].
This Part of the Standard makes use of the following terms defined in PS3.1:
This Part of the Standard makes use of the following terms defined in PS3.4:
See PS3.4.
See PS3.4.
See PS3.4.
See PS3.4.
See PS3.4.
See PS3.4.
See PS3.4.
See PS3.4.
See PS3.4.
See PS3.4.
This Part of the Standard makes use of the following terms defined in PS3.5:
This Part of the Standard makes use of the following terms defined in PS3.7:
This Part of the Standard makes use of the following terms defined in PS3.8:
See PS3.8.
A unique identifier for an Attribute of an Information Object composed of an ordered pair of numbers (a Group Number followed by an Element number).
an Information Object Definition that represents parts of several entities in the DICOM Application Model. Such an IOD includes Attributes that are not inherent in the Real-World Object that the IOD represents but rather are inherent in related Real-World Objects.
an image in which the pixel data was constructed from pixel data of one or more other images (source images).
an Entity-Relationship diagram that is used to model the relationships between the Information Object Definitions representing classes of Real-World Objects defined by the DICOM Application Model.
an Entity-Relationship diagram used to model the relationships between Real-World Objects that are within the area of interest of the DICOM Standard.
that portion of information defined by a Composite IOD that is related to one specific class of Real-World Object. There is a one-to-one correspondence between Information Entities and entities in the DICOM Application Model.
a data abstraction of a class of similar Real-World Objects that defines the nature and Attributes relevant to the class of Real-World Objects represented.
A set of Attributes within an Information Entity or Normalized IOD that are logically related to each other.
Image that contains multiple two-dimensional pixel planes.
an Information Object Definition that represents a single entity in the DICOM Application Model. Such an IOD includes Attributes that are only inherent in the Real-World Object that the IOD represents.
A set of temporally related frames acquired at constant or variable frame rates. This term incorporates the general class of serialography.
A Cine run is typically encoded as a multi-frame image.
Specialization is the replacement of the Type, value range and/or description of an Attribute in a general Module of an IOD, by its Type, value range and/or description defined in a modality-specific Module of an IOD.
The same Attribute may be present in multiple Modules in the same IOD but not specified to be "Specialized".
A set of logically related Attributes that are likely to vary together. May be used in Multi-frame IODs to describe parameters that change on a per frame basis.
Attribute that (usually) includes the string "Code Sequence" in the Attribute Name and has a VR of SQ (Sequence of Items). Its purpose is to encode concepts using code values and optional text meanings from coding schemes. Section 8.1 through Section 8.8 specify the Attributes of which the Sequence Items (Attribute Sets) of Code Sequence Attributes are constructed.
This part of the standard makes use of the following terms defined in [ISO/IEC 2022]:
See [ISO/IEC 2022].
See [ISO/IEC 2022].
See [ISO/IEC 2022].
This Part of the Standard is based on the concepts developed in [IEC 61217] and makes use of the following terms defined in it:
See [IEC 61217].
See [IEC 61217].
See [IEC 61217].
See [IEC 61217].
See [IEC 61217].
See [IEC 61217].
See [IEC 61217].
See [IEC 61217].