QQ Enhanced US Data Type Blending Examples (Informative)
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QQ Enhanced US Data Type Blending Examples (Informative)

QQ.1 Enhanced US Volume Use of the Blending and Display Pipeline

This Annex contains a number of examples illustrating Ultrasound's use of the Blending and Display Pipeline. An overview of the examples included is found in Table QQ.1-1.

Table QQ.1-1. Enhanced US Data Type Blending Examples (Informative)

Example

Data Types

Blending RGB Inputs

Mapping

Blending Operation

Blending Weight Inputs

1

TISSUE_INTENSITY

NA

Identity

None

NA

2

TISSUE_INTENSITY

RGB1 = grayscale TISSUE_INTENSITY

Grayscale

Output = RGB1

Weight 1 = 1.0 (constant)

Weight 2 = 0.0 (constant)

3

TISSUE_INTENSITY

RGB1 = f(TISSUE_INTENSITY)

Colorized

Output = RGB1

Weight 1 = 1.0 (constant)

Weight 2 = 0.0 (constant)

4

TISSUE_INTENSITY

RGB1 = grayscale TISSUE_INTENSITY

Grayscale

Output = proportional summation of RGB1 and RGB2

Weight 1 = constant

FLOW_VELOCITY

RGB2 = g(FLOW_VELOCITY)

Colorized

Weight 2 = constant

5

TISSUE_INTENSITY

RGB1 = grayscale TISSUE_INTENSITY

Grayscale

Threshold based on FLOW_VELOCITY

Weight 1 = 1 - Alpha 2

FLOW_VELOCITY

RGB2 = g(FLOW_VELOCITY)

Colorized

Weight 2 = constant

6

TISSUE_INTENSITY

RGB1 = grayscale TISSUE_INTENSITY

Grayscale

Threshold based on FLOW_VELOCITY (MSB) and FLOW_VARIANCE (LSB) with 2-dimensional color mapping

Weight 1 = 1 - Alpha 2

FLOW_VELOCITY

RGB2 = g(FLOW_VELOCITY, FLOW_ VARIANCE)

Colorized

Weight 2 = Alpha 2

FLOW_ VARIANCE

Colorized

7

TISSUE_INTENSITY

RGB1 = f(TISSUE_INTENSITY)

Colorized

Combination based on all data value inputs with colorized tissue and colorized 2-dimensional color mapping of flow and variance.

Weight 1 = Alpha 1

FLOW_VELOCITY

RGB2 = g(FLOW_VELOCITY, FLOW_ VARIANCE)

Colorized

Weight 2 = Alpha 2

FLOW_ VARIANCE

Colorized

In the examples below, the following attributes are referenced:

  • Data Type (0018,9808)

  • Data Path Assignment (0028,1402)

  • Bits Mapped to Color Lookup Table (0028,1403)

  • Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function (0028,1405)

  • Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function (0028,140D)

  • Blending Weight Constant (0028,1406)

  • RGB LUT Transfer Function (0028,140F)

  • Alpha LUT Transfer Function (0028,1410)

  • Red Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptor (0028,1101)

  • Red Palette Color Lookup Table Data (0028,1201)

  • Green Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptor (0028,1102)

  • Green Palette Color Lookup Table Data (0028,1202)

  • Blue Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptor (0028,1103)

  • Blue Palette Color Lookup Table Data (0028,1203)

  • Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptor (0028,1104)

  • Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Data (0028,1204)

QQ.1.1 Example 1 - Grayscale P-Values Output

Grayscale pass through for 1 data frame using identity Presentation LUT:

Data Type

Data Path Assignment

Usage

TISSUE_INTENSITY

PRIMARY_PVALUES

Grayscale

Example 1

Figure QQ.1-1. Example 1


QQ.1.2 Example 2 - Grayscale-only Color Output

Grayscale mapping only from 1 data frame:

  • Weight 1:

    • Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = CONSTANT

    • Blending Weight Constant = 1.0

  • Weight 2:

    • Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = CONSTANT

    • Blending Weight Constant = 0.0

  • Primary Palette Color Lookup Table

    • RGB LUT Transfer Function = EQUAL_RGB

    • Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values

  • Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table

    • <none>

Note

Compared to Example 1, the perceived contrast of the displayed grayscale image will likely be different as a consequence of the use of PCS-Values as opposed to P-Values unless color management software interpreting the PCS-Values attempts to approximate the Grayscale Standard Display Function. This is true regardless of whether a color or grayscale display is used.

Data Type

Data Path Assignment

Usage

TISSUE_INTENSITY

PRIMARY_SINGLE

Mapped to Grayscale

Example 2

Figure QQ.1-2. Example 2


QQ.1.3 Example 3 - Color Tissue (Pseudo-color) Mapping

Grayscale mapping only from 1 data frame:

  • Weight 1:

    • Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = CONSTANT

    • Blending Weight Constant = 1.0

  • Weight 2:

    • Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = CONSTANT

    • Blending Weight Constant = 0.0

  • Primary Palette Color Lookup Table

    • RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

    • Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values

    • Red, Green, and Blue Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included

  • Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table

    • <none>

Data Type

Data Path Assignment

Usage

TISSUE_INTENSITY

PRIMARY_SINGLE

Mapped through Palette Color Lookup Table

Example 3

Figure QQ.1-3. Example 3


QQ.1.4 Example 4 - Fixed Proportion Additive Grayscale Tissue and Color Flow

Grayscale mapping from primary data frame and color mapping from secondary data frame:

  • Weight 1:

    • Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = CONSTANT

    • Blending Weight Constant = value between 0.0 and 1.0, inclusive

  • Weight 2:

    • Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = CONSTANT

    • Blending Weight Constant = value between 0.0 and 1.0, inclusive

  • Primary Palette Color Lookup Table

    • RGB LUT Transfer Function = EQUAL_RGB

    • Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values

  • Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table

    • RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

    • Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values

    • Red, Green, and Blue Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included

Data Type

Data Path Assignment

Usage

TISSUE_INTENSITY

PRIMARY_SINGLE

Mapped to Grayscale

FLOW_VELOCITY

SECONDARY_SINGLE

Mapped through Palette Color Lookup Table

Example 4

Figure QQ.1-4. Example 4


QQ.1.5 Example 5 - Threshold Based On Flow_velocity

Each output value is either the grayscale tissue intensity value or the colorized flow velocity value based on the magnitude of the flow velocity sample value:

  • Weight 1:

    • Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = ALPHA_2

  • Weight 2:

    • Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = ONE_MINUS

  • Primary Palette Color Lookup Table

    • RGB LUT Transfer Function = EQUAL_RGB

    • Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values

  • Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table

    • RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

    • Alpha LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

    • Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included

    • All Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Data values (normalized) are either 0.0 or 1.0

Data Type

Data Path Assignment

Usage

TISSUE_INTENSITY

PRIMARY_SINGLE

Mapped to Grayscale

FLOW_VELOCITY

SECONDARY_SINGLE

Mapped through Palette Color Lookup Table

Example 5

Figure QQ.1-5. Example 5


QQ.1.6 Example 6 - Threshold Based On Flow_velocity and Flow_variance W/2d Color Mapping

Each output value is either the grayscale tissue intensity value or a colorized flow/variance value determined by a 2-dimensional Secondary RGB Palette Color Lookup Table, based on flow/variance values. The colorized flow/variance value comes from a 2-dimensional Secondary RGB Palette Color LUT:

  • Weight 1:

    • Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = ALPHA_2

  • Weight 2:

    • Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = ONE_MINUS

  • Primary Palette Color Lookup Table

    • RGB LUT Transfer Function = EQUAL_RGB

    • Alpha LUT Transfer Function = not significant with these Blending LUT Transfer Function values

  • Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table

    • RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

    • Alpha LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

    • Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included

    • All Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Data values (normalized) are either 0.0 or 1.0

Data Type

Data Path Assignment

Usage

TISSUE_INTENSITY

PRIMARY_SINGLE

Mapped to Grayscale

FLOW_VELOCITY

SECONDARY_HIGH

MSBs of index to Palette Color LUT

FLOW_VARIANCE

SECONDARY_LOW

LSBs of index to Palette Color LUT

Example 6

Figure QQ.1-6. Example 6


QQ.1.7 Example 7 - Color Tissue / Velocity / Variance Mapping - Blending Considers Both Data Paths

Each output value is a combination of colorized tissue intensity and a colorized flow/variance value determined by a 2-dimensional Secondary RGB Palette Color Lookup Table using the upper 5 bits of the FLOW_VELOCITY value and upper 3 bits of the FLOW_VARIANCE value to allow the use of 256-value Secondary Palette Color Lookup Tables. The blending proportion is based on values from both data paths. If the sum of the two RGB values exceeds 1.0, the value is clamped to 1.0. The colorized flow/variance value comes from a 2-dimensional Secondary RGB Palette Color LUT:

  • Weight 1:

    • Blending LUT 1 Transfer Function = ALPHA_1

  • Weight 2:

    • Blending LUT 2 Transfer Function = ALPHA_2

  • Primary Palette Color Lookup Table

    • RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

    • Alpha LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

    • Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included

  • Secondary Palette Color Lookup Table

    • RGB LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

    • Alpha LUT Transfer Function = TABLE

    • Red, Green, Blue, and Alpha Palette Color Lookup Table Descriptors and Data included

Data Type

Data Path Assignment

Bits Mapped To Color Lookup Table

Usage

TISSUE_INTENSITY

PRIMARY_SINGLE

8

Mapped through Palette Color Lookup Table

FLOW_VELOCITY

SECONDARY_HIGH

5

MSBs of index to Palette Color LUT

FLOW_VARIANCE

SECONDARY_LOW

3

LSBs of index to Palette Color LUT

Example 7

Figure QQ.1-7. Example 7


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